本報記者調查顯示，棉花收儲政策，正在引發整個鏈條的扭曲，高價收儲這種模式已經窮途末路。對棉農的保護和補貼方式、對種植棉花的保護都亟須重新思考。
Newspaper reporter survey showed that cotton collection and storage policy, is causing the distortion of the entire chain, high price closes store this model has come to an end. The protection of farmers protection and subsidies, for cotton needs to rethink.
高達4500元/噸的價差
Up to 4500 yuan / ton spread
國儲棉的收儲政策源自2010年。由于之前的棉花市場不景氣，2010年國際棉花價格暴漲，高達32000元/噸，這導致當時有不多庫存的國儲棉大賺。早前1萬元/噸收儲的棉花，漲幅高達2倍。
The State Reserve purchasing and storage policy from 2010. Due to the prior to the cotton market downturn, 2010 international cotton prices skyrocketing, up to 32000 yuan / ton, this leads to had earned a high inventory of the State Reserve. The earlier 10 thousand yuan / ton of cotton purchasing and storage, or up to 2 times.
“問題在于，國儲棉以為這種漲價將成為常態，以為收得越多就賺得越多，因此敞開收購，但沒想到2011年之后棉花價格大幅下降。”一位資深棉花市場人士告訴本報記者，實際上，像2010年棉花價格超過1美元/磅的情形歷史上只發生了兩次，不能以此為常態。
"The problem is that the state reserve that the prices will become the norm, think of a more earn more, so open to acquisitions, but did not expect a sharp drop in cotton prices after 2011." A senior cotton market who told reporters, in fact, as in 2010 the price of cotton more than 1 U.S. dollars / pounds in the case history only occurred two times, can not be used as the norm.
高出國際市場的價格收購國內棉花，另外一個理由是保護棉農利益，穩定國內棉花種植面積和棉花生產，保障國內的棉花供給。
Higher than the international market price of the acquisition of domestic cotton. Another reason is the protection of the interests of farmers, stable domestic cotton acreage and cotton production, security of domestic cotton supply.
據前述資深人士稱，在2011年有關棉花工作會議上，國儲棉有關官員即講道，“中國是紡織服裝業大國，有一定的棉花自給率，才放心發展紡織服裝業，棉花自給需要一定的量，不然會受到海外的牽制。”
According to the aforementioned senior personage says, in 2011 the cotton work conference, the State Reserve officials that says. "China is a big country of textile and clothing industry, some cotton self-sufficiency rate, assured the development of textile and garment industry, cotton self-sufficiency needs a certain amount of, or will be subject to overseas constraint."
但目前的情形是，國內的棉花高價格，正在人民幣升值、勞動力成本提高等原因之外，大幅提高中國紡織服裝行業的原材料成本，整體壓低了中國紡織服裝業的國際競爭力。
But the current situation is that the domestic cotton prices, is the appreciation of the renminbi, labor costs and other factors, a substantial increase in the cost of raw materials for China's textile and garment industry, the overall low international competitiveness of China's textile and garment industry.
即便是按照目前的收購價格，據本報記者去年11月中旬在產棉大省山東對棉農的調查，棉農利潤也沒有比較優勢，棉農種棉積極性并不夠。對棉花進口的配額管制反而滋生腐敗，導致棉花進口配額被買賣，并加劇棉花走私。
Even if it is in accordance with the current purchase price, according to newspaper reporter in mid November last year for cotton farmers surveys in cotton producing province of Shandong, farmers profit also does not have a comparative advantage, the cotton cotton enthusiasm is not enough. Quota control on the import of cotton, but the breeding of corruption, resulting in the sale of cotton import quotas, and increase the smuggling of cotton.
由于國儲棉和進口棉存在巨大的價格差，進口棉額度自然成為有些人牟利的工具，一噸進口棉的資格，賣到三四千元。
Because of the presence of the State Reserve and imported cotton huge price difference, the amount of imported cotton naturally become some profit-making tools, the qualification of a ton of imported cotton, sold to 4000 yuan.
李文（化名）是浙江的一家民營棉紡企業負責人，有自己的紗廠和織布廠，公司產品80%依靠出口。他向本報記者抱怨，紡紗現在就是不賺錢的買賣，自從實施國儲棉收購政策后，已經基本不賺錢。
Wen Ho Lee (a pseudonym) is a privately run Zhejiang textile enterprises responsible person, his own textile mill and weaving factory, 80% of the products rely on exports. He complained to the reporter, spinning now is not to make money trading, since the implementation of the policy of the State Reserve acquisition has basically does not make money.
“我們一噸棉花，比國外同行要貴4000多，我們進口的棉紗，價格甚至比我用的棉花價格還低，我們怎么競爭？”李文說，“目前只有在苦苦地維持當中，相當的辛苦。公司到現在能夠維持，保持一定的出口，主要是我們的工人技術熟練，比較勤快。”
"We have a ton of cotton, compared with foreign counterparts to more than 4000, we imported cotton yarn, the price is even lower than the price of cotton, how can we compete?" Li Wen said, "at present only in the hard to maintain them, quite hard. The company can now maintain, maintain a certain export, mainly our skilled workers, more diligent."
李文表示，假設他公司需要100噸進口棉，他就向市發改委申請100噸進口棉資格，但是申請的第一年一般不會批給他，一般在第二年會批給他，不過一般只有一半的量，也就是僅僅50噸，但是等省里審批完后，拿到手的，往往可能只有30噸，至于其他20噸，往往是給有關系的人了。
Levin said, suppose they need 100 tons of imported cotton, he to the municipal development and Reform Commission (NDRC) for 100 tons of imported cotton qualification, but for first year generally not granted to him, general in the second year will awarded to him, but in general only half the amount of is only 50 tons, but, after examination and approval, to get our hands on may often be only 30 tons. As for the other 20 tons, often to the relationship.
紡織服裝業困局
Textile and garment industry dilemma
棉紡企業困難目前前所未有。
At present, the cotton spinning enterprises hitherto unknown difficulties.
據本報記者了解，棉花成本占據棉紗廠成本約達到70%，由于國內棉花價格要比進口棉花價格大約高4500元，棉紡織行業正在艱難維持，但這個維持是建立在“我們的工人勤快”的基礎上。
According to our newspaper reporter, cotton cost occupy cotton yarn factory cost is about 70%, due to the domestic cotton prices than import price of cotton is about 4500 yuan, the cotton textile industry is difficult to maintain, but this maintenance is based on "our workers diligent" based on.
更甚的是，高成本壓力之下，中國紡織服裝企業正在被迫放棄一些訂單，國際市場份額持續減少。更多棉紡工業企業生產鏈則在向越南、孟加拉、印度等國家轉移。
What is more, under the high cost pressures, China's textile and garment enterprises are being forced to give up some orders, the international market share continues to decline. The production of cotton industry chain more in the transfer to Vietnam, Bangladesh, India and other countries.
高價格所危及到的，實際上是棉紡織行業的整個產業鏈。一家做布料印染的公司負責人對本報記者表示，他現在接到的單子越來越少，公司目前只能練習“龜息大法”，盡量減少營業，爭取活下去，他甚至希望有朝一日，人民幣大貶值，公司能獲得第二春。
High price to endanger, in fact, the whole industry chain of cotton textile industry. A cloth dyeing and printing company responsible for expresses to the reporter, he now received fewer list, company currently only practice "turtle interest Dafa", try to reduce the business, to fight to live, he even hope that one day, RMB devaluation, the company can get the second spring.
盡管李文自己的公司也能生產棉紗，由于國家當前沒有禁止進口棉紗，李文選擇進口部分棉紗，以降低成本，他表示：“我不能所有棉紗都進口，因為不能讓紗廠的工人放假，現在只能繼續維持生存，少量生產一部分棉紗。”
Although Wen Ho Lee's own companies are also able to produce cotton yarn, because the country is not currently banned imports of cotton, Levin choice part of the imported cotton, to reduce the cost, he said: "I can't all cotton imports, because you can not let cotton mill workers holiday and now can continue to survive. A small amount of production part of the cotton yarn."
杭州一家棉紡織外貿公司的負責人則對本報記者表示，2012年是最難過的日子，今年出口多了三成，但是跟去年收入一樣，而且今年人民幣大幅升值，讓公司生意雪上加霜。不過他認為已經找到發財的途徑，就是盡管國家限制棉花進口，卻沒有限制棉紗進口，他打算進口棉紗獲取利潤。
Hangzhou, a cotton textile foreign trade company responsible person is the reporter said 2012 is the most sad day this year, exports more than three percent, but with revenue last year as, and this year the sharp appreciation of the renminbi, company business is made worse. But he believes that has found a way to make a fortune, is that despite the national restrictions on imports of cotton, but there is no limit to cotton imports, he intends to import cotton yarn to obtain profit.
盡管山東如意棉紡織集團總經理王強并不奢望取消國儲棉政策，但他對本報記者表示，希望進口棉花額度再大一點，國儲棉價格再低一點。
Although Wang Qiang, general manager of Shandong Ruyi cotton textile group does not expect the State Reserve policy is cancelled, but he told reporters said you want a cotton import quota again a bit bigger, the state reserve price and low point.
王強稱，新進入紡織行業的國家，印度和巴基斯坦生產棉紗的機器設備大都是最新的設備，比國內的棉紗廠設備還要好，行業的
Wang Qiang said that the new into the textile industry, India and Pakistan production of cotton yarn machine equipment is mostly the latest equipment, than the domestic cotton yarn factory equipment, but also good, the industry
